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procedure sayHelloWorld
   put "Hello, world!"
end sayHelloWorld[code]

Now, we can "call" this procedure by simply saying:

[code]sayHelloWorld[code]

But... what if we want to say hello to anyone?

We need to give the procedure an "argument", a piece of data we can use to customize what the procedure does.

[code]procedure sayHello (recipient : string)
   put "Hello, " + recipient + "!"
end sayHello[code]

Then, when we want to greet someone:

[code]sayHello ("world")[code]

We can also use functions.  A function returns a value back to the program, but it shouldn't output or change any variables that aren't declared inside it.

[code]function greeting (recipient : string)
   result "Hello, " + recipient + "!"
end greeting[code]

And to use the function:

[code]put greeting ("world")[code]

Procedures can modify their arguments.  Consider a procedure which takes two integers and adds the second to the first:

[code]procedure addUp (var first : int, second : int)
   first := first + second
end addUp[code]

Of course, that one line can be made a bit more concise:

[code]procedure addUp (var first : int, second : int)
   first += second
end addUp[code]

And then, when we call the procedure:

[code]var a, b : int := 1

addUp (a, b)

put a[code]

We'll see "2", because the addUp procedure modified "a". 

[color=#888888][size=85]Archived topic from Iceteks,  old topic ID:2825, old post ID:23331[/size][/color]

Code: Select all

 
IF X >= Y THEN
      %CONDITION 1
ELSIF X < Y THEN
      %CONDITION 2
ELSE
      %CONDITION 3
END IF     
[code]

Now this might seem like arabic at first, but it's really quite simple. The first like states


IF X >= Y THEN 

X and Y are variables. The >= is a comparison operator. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? It means that the value of X is being compared to the value of Y. Now, let's just say, the value of X is 5 and the value of Y is 3. Now the >= part stands for GREATER THAN OR EQUAL. Hopefully you know the comparison operands (They throw this junk at you in math class, hope you weren't sleeping). But if you were, here is a list of comparison operands  :blink: 

>    GREATER THAN
<     LESS THAN
=     EQUAL TO (The same as)
>=   GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO
<=   LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
NOT=   NOT EQUAL TO

Phew, hopefully I explained that well enough :P. Anyways, the SYNTAX (form) of conditional statements always goes as followed:

The first value is ALWAYS compared to the SECOND value. So X is compared to Y, Not Y compared to X in the example:

[code] IF X >= Y  THEN [code]

So the value of X is being compared to Y. So let's look at it like this. If X = 5 and Y = 3 then

[code] IF 5 >= 3 THEN [code]

There, now that looks a little easier to understand. What this code is saying is IF 5 IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 3, THEN DO SOMETHING....

The THEN part tells the computer: "I want you to do THIS if 5 is greater than or equal to 3". Underneath the THEN part, you put something that the computer will do if the condition is true. In the case 5 >= 3, it would be true because 5 is ALWAYS bigger than 3 (Or so we hope :P). So under the THEN part, you can put ANYTHING you want the computer to do, if the result is true. It could be a calculation, you can draw a box, you can have somebody picking their nose, ANYTHING. So, to show you what a BASIC condition statement looks like:

[code] 
IF X >= Y THEN
%INSERT SOMETHING HERE, JUST FOR THE SAKE
%OF CLARITY, I'LL JUST SAY:
PUT "HELLO"
END IF
[code]

It's as simple as that. Mind you, conditional statementsc can go REALLY in depth, but we won't worry about that yet :P. Now, for conditional statments, there are three different lines of syntax (coding) that can be used:

[code]
IF

ELSIF

ELSE
[code]

Okay, so those are the three parts. EVERY conditional statement MUST HAVE an IF part to it. ELSIF is another condition WITHIN the same conditional statement. So, you can have more than ONE condition: This example shows you what I mean:

[code]
IF X > Y THEN

%CONDITION 1

ELSIF X = Y THEN

% CONDITION 2

ELSIF X < Y THEN

%CONDITION 3

END IF
[code]

So, in the above example, you have three conditions. I X is BIGGER THAN Y, you get one condition. If X is the same as Y you get another condition. If X is LESS than Y, you get another condition. This is how you can break up conditions, so if you don't know what the value of X and Y are going to be, this wiil allow for many different combinations.

Now the LAST part of conditional statements is ELSE. This is probably the easiest part of the conditional statement because you DON'T need any comparisons, It's just ELSE. And what does ELSE do? If NONE of the conditions ARE MET, such as if X isn't greater than Y, or Equal to Y, then the computer JUMPS to the else part:

[code]
If X > Y THEN
%COND 1
ELSIF x < Y THEN
%COND 2
ELSE
%COND 3
END IF
[code]

So, in the above example, let's say that X and Y were both 5. Now, the first part, X is not bigger than Y and X is not smaller than Y. So, in this case, the condition goes into  the ELSE part.  It's as simple as that. Hopefully I've explained conditional statements well enough. Hope this helps  :)  

[color=#888888][size=85]Archived topic from Iceteks,  old topic ID:2825, old post ID:23333[/size][/color]